Which methodology focuses on reducing variation to eliminate product defects using data analysis?

Six Sigma is a methodology that specifically aims to reduce variation in processes to minimize product defects through rigorous data analysis. It utilizes statistical tools and techniques to identify problems, analyze data, improve processes, and ultimately control variations to achieve near-perfect quality levels. The focus on data-driven decision-making and the structured approach of Six Sigma enable organizations to systematically enhance their operational efficiency and product quality.

In contrast, Lean primarily focuses on eliminating waste and improving flow in processes without placing the same level of emphasis on statistical data analysis as Six Sigma does. Just-in-time is centered around inventory management and ensuring that products are produced only as needed, which does not directly address variation or defect reduction through data analysis. Agile is a project management methodology often used in software development, focused on flexibility and responsiveness to change, rather than specifically targeting defect reduction through statistical processes.