What has seen a decline in popularity due to challenges during supply disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic?

The decline in popularity of just-in-time manufacturing can be attributed to its reliance on precise timing and synchronization of production processes with supply chain deliveries. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities within this system, as disruptions in the supply chain could lead to shortages of necessary components, halting production lines and resulting in significant operational challenges. This manufacturing approach, designed to minimize inventory and reduce holding costs, became a liability when timely delivery of materials could not be guaranteed.

In contrast, traditional manufacturing processes, batch production systems, and mass production techniques may offer more flexibility and buffer against supply chain disruptions, making them more appealing options during uncertain times. Just-in-time manufacturing's strict efficiency measures can be less resilient in times of crisis, which contributed to its decreased popularity during the pandemic.