What best describes the nature of disruptive innovation?

Disruptive innovation is best described as the creation of entirely new markets through innovation. This concept, coined by Clayton Christensen, refers to innovations that fundamentally change the way industries operate, usually by introducing products or services that are simpler, more affordable, and initially appealing to a niche market, which eventually expands and disrupts existing market leaders. This process leads to the establishment of new market dynamics that can displace established businesses and reshape the competitive landscape.

In contrast, incremental improvements on existing products do not constitute disruptive innovation, as they often involve enhancements that do not fundamentally change market structures. Similarly, a gradual adoption of new technologies refers to the pace at which innovations may gain traction, but it does not capture the essence of creating entirely new markets. Lastly, consolidation within existing market segments focuses on market stability and resource accumulation rather than the transformative power of innovation that characterizes disruptive changes. Thus, the emphasis on new market creation effectively encapsulates the nature of disruptive innovation.